Bamboo is the most usual material for making ribs, particularly for the fan-ribs using painting ande calligraphy. They are normally grinded with waters while using surface, or painted lacquer. Black and red are most usual colors. Some hard woods could possibly be used for making ribs at the same time, like Wumu, Zitan, Huali, Jichi, but the pliability isn't good as bamboo. Wood, after grinded, can appear the nature color and veins, and it is always thought of as trea-sure for the debt collectors. Fan-rib made of lvory is actually rarely seeing curio. Fan-rib is strip-shaped. The shape of large rib can be wide at the top and thin at the end, which is changeless, and based on which often, various forms in forms of straight rib, mantis leg, zither, bamboo joint and etc are created by skilled craftsman. The rib end of any fan is classed dependant upon its different shapes, like grasshopper’s eye, fish’s tail, monk’s head etc. Carving is the most seeing way for adorning the rib. In the Tang Dynasty, carving on bamboo seemed to be already popular and older. Many masters of generating fans made numerous masterpieces with carving from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Jade bamboo was very popularly used for carving, and with two various ways of Yinke and Yangke. In the Ming in addition to Qing Dynasties, base-relief was popular, and in Minguo interval, deep-relief was much more welcomed. Yangke is divided directly into Shadi, Pingdi, and Liuqing. Shadi means remove the crud to the surface of the bamboo bedding and make teeny thick dots on it having special tool, Pingdi means polish the main surface, Liuqing means leave a lot of the green surface at your raised parts.
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